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| 1975 |
| | | Surinam wins independence from the Dutch, with Johan Ferrier as the first president | |
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| 1976 |
| | | A military coup in Argentina brings to an end the two-year presidency of Juan Perón's widow, Isabelita | |
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| c. 1978 |
| | | Shining Path and Tupac Amaru emerge as left-wing guerrilla groups in Peru | |
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| 1979 |
| | | The emergency measures underpinning military rule are repealed in Brazil, and an amnesty restores political rights | |
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| 1981 |
| | | Leopoldo Galtieri becomes leader of the military junta ruling Argentina | |
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| 1982 |
| | | 5000 Argentinian troops land in the Falkland Islands, provoking war with Britain | |
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| 1982 |
| | | Chilean author Isabel Allende publishes her first novel, The House of the Spirits | |
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| 1982 |
| | | The Argentinian cruiser General Belgrano is sunk by a British torpedo, with the loss of 368 lives | |
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| 1982 |
| | | British troops recapture Port Stanley, after which the Argentinian forces in the Falklands surrender | |
|  | Instrument of Surrender at the end of the Falklands War
National Archives, Kew
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| 1982 |
| | | The leader of the Argentinian junta, Leopoldo Galtieri, resigns three days after the Falklands defeat | |
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